There have been incessant reports of the collapse of buildings resulting in the loss of lives and properties globally. However, there has been a dearth of information regarding any findings about the collapse of building structures. An extensive study of causes of selected building collapse in Nigeria and abroad is carried out in this work by visiting some locations of building collapse, reading journals and newspaper articles on structural defects and testing rubbles collected from collapsed areas. This study therefore examined the general causes of the collapse of some buildings particularly the reasons for the collapse of Saint Thomas’s 2-storey Church Hall, Akure. Laboratory testing was carried out in this study to investigate the causes of collapse using samples from the site of the collapsed building. An appraisal of the structural drawings of the collapsed building was also investigated. Findings revealed that the building collapsed due to poor design, bad construction materials and inadequate supervision. The paper concludes that buildings collapse can be reduced in Nigeria by avoiding all. It recommended use of only duly registered professionals in the building industry for construction.

Security and prevention of crime in university library is very paramount duties of librarian. The survival of a library depends to a large extend on how secured its collections are, security of library resources constitutes serious challenge facing university libraries in Nigeria. The paper, therefore, investigates security and crime management in university libraries in Nigeria using university of Jos and university of Ilorin libraries. The study adopted a descriptive survey method. The population of the study comprised 108 library personnel and 16,012 registered library users in two university libraries. While the sample size consisted of all the 108 library personnel, and 2% of the registered users to make a total of 428 respondents. Questionnaire and interview with the university librarians of the selected university libraries were the instruments used for data collection. Data were analysed using frequency distribution and percentages. Results revealed that security breaches included stealing/theft of library materials, mutilation of library materials, and non-return of borrowed items. It also showed inadequate funding, selfish interest of the culprits and lack of institutional security policy in the library. Base on the findings, that staff security training, electronic security system should be introduced and improve funding of university libraries among others. Recommendation orientation of users and staff should be done from time to time in university libraries to mention but few.

The study was conducted to investigate the influence of heat treatment during drying process of Oyster mushroom in the tropics. Mushroom growing is carried out under carefully controlled conditions mostly in bulk in specific designed tunnels with aerated floors. There are two main purposes, firstly pasteurization; to free the compost from undesirable microbes and pests and secondly conditioning; to become mushroom specific by getting clear of ammonia and free of readily available carbohydrates. Through proper manipulation of temperature and ventilation these two primary objectives are accomplished. Mushrooms have been identified as an underutilized crop in Africa, with many nutritive and health benefits. It does not require much land and investment. However, it is highly perishable and there is need to process it to lengthen its shelf life by drying. However, there is need to ensure that the nutrients are not lost in the process. It is for this reason that this project investigated the effect of drying on nutrient levels in mushroom. Vitamin C levels were monitored in the course of drying at 80°C, 60°C, 50°C, 40°C and in direct sunlight. It was concluded that the temperature that gave the best drying rate with minimal nutrient loss was 60°C. In general, more than half the Vitamin C is lost during the range of drying temperatures investigated.

The Crane hooks are very at risk segments that are regularly utilized for mechanical purposes. In this way such segments in an industry must be produced and composed in an approach to convey most extreme execution without failure. Failure of a crane hook essentially relies upon three central point i.e. measurement, material, overload. The undertaking is worried towards expanding the safe load by fluctuating the cross-sectional measurements of the four distinct segments and diverse materials. The chose areas are square, circle, and trapezoidal. The territory stays consistent while changing the measurements of the four unique segments. The crane hook is demonstrated utilizing catia programming. The pressure and life investigation is finished utilizing ANSYS 18.1 workbench. The ordinary worry along add up to misshaping, stress and life’s according to the materials considered. It is discovered that trapezoidal cross segment yields most extreme load of 4000 KG to 5000 KG for steady cross segment zone among four cross segment.

The estimation of Carbon stock and carbon sink in the City Forest of Bongohulawa village, Regency of Gorontalo (Guided by. The research was aimed to know volume growth of trees planted in the Village District Bongohulawa Gorontalo, to calculate the volume and content of carbon biomass in the city forest and green line (left-right path) and average carbon sequestration/tree/species. Research was conducted in village of Bongohulawa during 4 (fourth) month; started from March until June 2011. The execution of data collecting [of] was performed within this research area-location through observation and measurement of trees and forest stand. For green line research area 100% inventory was upllied and for City Forest line plot sampling was implemented. For city forest sample plots measurement was conducted in 10 sample units (each unit sampling of 0.25 ha). Tree diameter, tree hight (total and commercial hight) and crown diameter of all tree species within research line (green line) and research plots (city forest) was measured. Based on the research data and its calculation, the results show that: Casuarina junghuhiana can store more carbon than other tree species. From the inventory conducted in 3 km of green line along the road (6 meters width observations) of the village Bongohulawa, 366 trees (consist of 7 tree species) were measured. Those tree species namely Casuarina junghuiana 102 trees, sandalwood 46 trees, mango 7 trees, jackfruit 6 trees, Albizia 1 tree, mahogany 202 trees, headland 2 trees. Crown cover of those tree species is 3032.54 m2 . The result of calculation also indicated that Casuarina has higher carbon stock than other tree species that is 33.56 tons (equal with 52% of total crbon stock). Further calculation indicated that during the period of 19 years (since 1992) Casuarina can strocked carbon average of 1.77 tons/year. The average diameter increment of individual Casuarina tree species is about 1.72 cm/year. Furthermore, for Swietenia magrophilla King, with an average diameter increment of 1.40 cm/year, the leaves of this tree species can absorbed carbon of 18.1233 tons within green line of both sides of the road. For research plots within City Forest which located in the valey the results of the research show that the crown cover of 124 trees is about 1,359.67 m2, then carbon absorbtion is about 0.15 ton/tree or about 7.8 kg/tree/year. Within the research area of City Forest (located both in the valey and hill) totally there are 1,353 trees (consist of 13 tree species) and carbon absorption of the canopy is about 25.521 tons. Further calculation results also indicated that carbon absorption of small trees ( poles) is about 25.521 tons and for sapling is about 78.163 tons or 39,0815 tons/ha then fionally for mature trees is about 39.813 tons or 15,925 tons/ha.

This study is part of a macroeconomic approach and seeks to identify the role of the rate of economic growth and the exchange rate in controlling the macroeconomic framework. The approaches adopted in this paper are part of Keynesian thinking on macroeconomic stability using the macroeconomic stability index proposed by Burnside and Dollars (2004) and A. Amine (2005). Our results argue that economic growth is causing macroeconomic stability and that the exchange rate is negatively and significantly accounting for macroeconomic stability in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Circular Economy is the pursued goal of sustainable development of mankind for the 21st century. In short, the fundamental spirit of circular economy is the concept of "Zero Waste". The example used in our daily lives means 100% of waste treatment, leaving no trace. At this time, it would be an ideal goal that the waste could be fully recovered into available raw materials or energies. In particular, "waste-to-energy" is a key factor, because all the wastes are almost related to energy. Resource recycling of waste metal from the household garbage is the best example. When smelting metals, the refining industry needs to reduce the metal oxides (mineral materials) to metals, such as steel, aluminium, copper, etc. The reduction processes consume considerable portion of energy for the entire smelting process, for example, 70.6% for steel and 77.4% for aluminium. However, if the waste metallic products can be fully recovered, as long as by melting and reshaping, the original oxide metal reduction processes that consume a lot of energy can be avoided. On the other hand, when the general garbage cannot be recovered as a resource, they can be converted into fuel or electricity by biological or thermal treatment. Another more important human waste utilization is the waste paper recycling. The production of one tonne of raw pulp emits about 6 tonnes of carbon, consuming about 100 cubic meters of water, using about 200 kilograms of chemical raw materials, and draining 300 tonnes of toxic waste water.

Data warehousing is a technique for collecting and managing data from multiple internal and external sources to provide meaningful business insights. Data warehouses are designed to give a long-range view of data over time and provide a decision support system environment. They are a vital component of business intelligence, which is designed for data analysis and reporting. They are used to provide greater insight into the performance of a business. This paper provides a brief introduction on data warehousing.